Today, let’s talk about Freud and his psychoanalysis. Freud’s classical psychoanalytic ideas have been around for nearly a century.
First, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory forms the foundation of many psychological treatment theories.
Second, various theoretical schools have emerged from criticizing psychoanalytic ideas. New concepts include both new thoughts generated from criticism and inheritance from psychoanalysis. Within the field of psychoanalysis itself, such as ego psychology, object relations theory, self-psychology, and the Lacanian school, all originate from Freud’s ideas. Humanistic thought, behaviorism, and others were also constructed based on criticizing psychoanalysis.
Third, psychoanalysis remains a starting point for modern philosophical thinking. Freud drew on many philosophical ideas, and reading Freud is a shortcut to modern philosophy.
So, which of Freud’s books are worth reading? Today, we recommend nine classic works by Freud.
今天的我们来说弗洛伊德和他的精神分析，弗洛伊德的古典精神分析思想早已将近百年。
首先，弗洛伊德的精神分析思想是很多心理治疗理论的基础。
其次， 各种理论流派多是从批判精神分析的思想中产生的，新的观念既有批判产生的新思想，也有对精神分析的继承。包括精神分析领域内的自我心理学、客体关系理论、自体心理学、拉康学派等都源于弗洛伊德的思想。人本主义思想、行为主义等都是在批判精神分析的基础上构建而来。
第三，精神分析还是现代哲学的思考基点。弗洛伊德吸取了很多哲学思想，读弗洛伊德是一条通往现代哲学的捷径。
那么，弗洛伊德的哪些书值得一读呢，今天推荐弗洛伊德九本经典作品。
- SIGMUND FREUD 《癔症研究》
This is one of the most important works co-authored by Freud and Breuer in his early years. This book marks the theoretical foundation and formal starting point of psychoanalysis, and is generally regarded as the beginning of psychoanalysis.
这是弗洛伊德早期和布洛伊尔合著的一部最重要的著作。这部书标志着精神分析学的理论奠基和正式起点。通常被看作是精神分析的开端。” - DIE TRAUMDEUTUNG《梦的解析》
Building on the extensive research of predecessors on dreams, Freud deeply explored important theoretical issues related to dreams, such as the essence of dreams, methods of dream interpretation, dream disguise, dream materials and sources, the work of dreams, and the psychological processes of dreaming. Based on his clinical studies of patients’ dreams and his personal analysis of 40 of his own dreams. The Interpretation of Dreams is generally regarded as the landmark of the formation of psychoanalysis, one of the three theoretical pillars of Freudian doctrine, and a classic work on dream theory.
弗洛伊德在广泛总结前人有关梦的研究成果的基础上，根据他对病人的梦的临床研究和个人40个有关梦的自我分析，深入地探讨了梦的实质、释梦的方法、梦的伪装、梦的材料和来源、梦的工作以及梦的过程的心理等有关梦的重要理论问题。通常把《梦的解析》视为精神分析学形成的标志，弗洛伊德学说三大理论支柱之一, 梦论的典籍。 - SIGMUND FREUD 《日常生活心理病理学》
An important work by Freud that explains daily life events from a dynamic psychology perspective. In this work, Freud starts from the idea of mental determinism, uses the phenomenon of errors occurring in daily life among ordinary people and actual materials from self-analysis to explore the existence of consciousness, understand the function of the repressive role of the unconscious, and reveal the mysteries of human deep-seated mental activities.
弗洛伊德用动力心理学观点解释日常生活事件的一部重要著作。在这部著作中，弗洛伊德从精神决定论的思想出发，依据一般人在日常生活中发生的失误现象和自我分析的实际资料內素材去发掘意识的存在，了解潜意识压抑作用的功能，揭示人的深层精神活动的奥秘。 - Die Triebtheorie《性学三论》
The main representative work of Freud’s theory of sexuality, and one of the three theoretical pillars of Freudian doctrine. In this book, he openly admitted: ‘The persistence of sexuality as the source of all human achievements, and the expansion of sexual ideas, have from the beginning been the strongest motive behind the resistance encountered by psychoanalysis.
弗洛伊德性欲论最主要的代表著作，也是弗洛伊德学说的三大理论支柱之一。他在本书中公开承认：“坚持性欲乃一切人类成就之源泉，以及性欲观念的扩展，自始便是精神分析学所遭阻抗里最强烈的动机。” - SIGMUND FREUD《图勝与禁忌》
Totem and Taboo is Sigmund Freud’s first attempt to apply psychoanalytic methods to the study of social psychology, and it is also an important work in which he first systematically elaborates on the origins of taboos and totem worship in primitive tribes.
《图腾与禁忌》是弗洛伊德应用精神分析学方法来研究社会心理学的首次尝试，也是弗洛伊德第一次集中阐述原始部族的禁忌和图腾崇拜起源的重要著作。 - Introduction to Psychoanalysis《精神分析引论》
Between 1915 and 1916, Sigmund Freud delivered a psychology lecture at the University of Vienna for non-professionals. ‘Introduction to Psychoanalysis’ contains the lecture notes from that time, which were polished by Freud himself. The entire book includes Freud’s main theories: slips of the tongue, sexuality, dreams, and the unconscious, making it an essential choice for understanding Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
1915年一1916年，弗洛伊德在维也纳大学为非专业人士开设了一门心理学讲座。《精神分析引论》收录了当时的讲稿，并由弗洛伊德润色而成。全书包含了弗洛伊德最主要的学说：失误、性、梦、潜意识，是了解弗洛伊德精神分析学说的不二之选。 - Das Ich und das Es《自我与本我》
This book first portrays the inner personality structure of humans, clarifies the meanings of the ego and id, how they influence our daily behaviors and emotions, and how we can balance them, thereby helping people insight into the roots of self-denial.
这本书首次描绘出人类内在的人格结构，讲清自我与本我究竟有何含义，如何影响我们日常行为和情绪，我们又该如何平衡它们，从而帮助人们洞察自我否定的根源。 - Civilization and Its Discontents《文明及其不满》 It is a major work in which Freud explored social civilization in his later years. Starting from the fundamental perspective of the connection and conflict between the development of civilization and human nature’s instinctual drives, he made concentrated elaborations on issues such as the essence, origin, function, and drawbacks of civilized society. He believed that the purpose of life (or human nature’s instinct) is to pursue happiness, but happiness is difficult to attain. Because civilization, apart from promoting progress in material tools and replacing individual strength with collective power, people can only resort to the power of Eros to avoid suffering through so-called shared civilized life.是弗洛伊德晚年探讨社会文明的一部主要著作。他从文明发展与人性本能之间的联系和对抗这个基本观点出发，对文明社会的本质、起源、作用和弊端等问题做了集中的阐述。他认为，人生的目的（或人性的本能）就是追求幸福，但幸福又是难以达到的。因为文明除了促进物质工具的进步、个体的力量被群众的力量所代替，于是，人们只好求助于爱欲的力量，以所谓的共同的文明生活来避免痛苦。
- SIGMUND FREUD《精神分析新论》
It is a sequel to Introduction to Psychoanalysis and one of Freud’s major representative works. It is the result of Freud’s 15 years of research practice and reflection after the publication of Introduction to Psychoanalysis.
《精神分析引论》的续篇，也是弗洛伊德的主要代表作之一。它是弗洛伊德在《精神分析引论》发表后经过15年研究实践和反思的成果。